Which of the following is a risk factor for hypertension?

• A. Obesity
• B. Regular Aerobic Exercise
• C. Adequate Sleep
• D. Low-Sodium Diet

Answer: (A)

Obesity raises the risk of developing high blood pressure through several interrelated mechanisms. Extra body fat increases total blood volume and cardiac output, which raises arterial pressure. It also promotes insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, both of which are linked to higher blood pressure. Adipose tissue releases inflammatory mediators and activates the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and sympathetic nervous system, promoting vascular resistance and fluid retention. Because of these combined effects, obesity is a clear risk factor for hypertension. In contrast, regular aerobic exercise lowers blood pressure by improving endothelial function and vascular health, reducing weight and sympathetic activity; adequate sleep supports BP regulation; and a low-sodium diet can reduce fluid volume and BP, especially in salt-sensitive individuals.